If you’re noticing bleeding, tenderness, or bad breath, you may be dealing with the early stage of gum disease. This post is for people who want clear, practical steps now. You’ll learn how to spot the early stage of gum disease, what to do at home right away, how dentists confirm it, when to seek specialist care, and how to stop it from getting worse.
What is the early stage of gum disease?
The early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. It affects the gums only and is usually reversible with proper care. If untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which damages bone and the tissues that hold teeth in place. Catching problems at the early stage matters because treatment is simpler, less invasive, and helps protect overall health.
Common signs and symptoms of the early stage of gum disease
Bleeding while brushing or flossing
Easily noticed bleeding is a top sign. Healthy gums rarely bleed during gentle brushing or flossing.
Red, swollen, or tender gums
Gums may look puffy or darker red instead of pale pink and can feel sore to the touch.
Persistent bad breath or a bad taste
Bad breath that doesn’t go away with brushing can be a sign of bacterial buildup linked to early gum disease.
Sensitivity or slight gum recession
You might notice teeth feel more sensitive or see the gum line pulling back slightly.
What causes the early stage of gum disease?
Plaque buildup from inadequate brushing and flossing is the most common cause. Plaque hardens into tartar, which irritates gums. Smoking, certain medications, poorly controlled diabetes, dry mouth, and family history also raise risk. Diets high in sugar and low in nutrients can contribute too.
How a dental exam confirms the early stage of gum disease
Clinical probing and charting
A dentist or hygienist uses a small probe to measure pocket depths and check for inflammation and bleeding.
Digital X-rays and intraoral imaging
X-rays show bone health and help rule out bone loss, which indicates more advanced disease.
Oral DNA and bacterial testing when needed
Targeted tests can identify harmful bacteria and guide personalized treatment if standard care doesn’t resolve the issue.
Immediate at-home steps if you suspect the early stage of gum disease
Start improving home care now: brush twice daily with a soft brush using gentle circular strokes, floss or use interdental brushes once a day, and rinse with an ADA‑approved antimicrobial mouthwash. Avoid tobacco and limit sugary snacks. Keep a simple symptom log for 7–14 days to see if things improve, and book a dental checkup if bleeding or swelling persists.
Professional treatments for the early stage of gum disease
Treatment is usually straightforward: a professional cleaning to remove tartar, improved home care education, and short-term follow-up. If needed, a deeper cleaning (scaling and root planing) and targeted antimicrobials may be used. Treating gum disease early often means less invasive care and faster recovery.
How to prevent progression and protect long-term oral health
Schedule regular dental cleanings, follow a personalized periodontal maintenance plan, quit smoking, control blood sugar if you have diabetes, and maintain consistent daily brushing and interdental cleaning.
When to see a periodontist
See a specialist if bleeding won’t stop, gum pockets are deeper than 4 mm, issues keep returning despite good home care, or you have high-risk conditions like diabetes or a weak immune system.
About Dr. Keith Chertok, DDS and our conservative, tech-driven approach
Dr. Keith Chertok is a board-certified periodontist in Berkeley, CA. He focuses on minimally invasive, evidence-based care using technologies such as LANAP®, oral DNA testing, and digital imaging to diagnose and treat gum disease early and effectively.
Next steps and quick CTA
If you suspect the early stage of gum disease in Berkeley, schedule an exam now. At your first visit expect a short medical history review, a periodontal exam with probing and imaging, and a clear plan for next steps. Acting early gives the best chance to stop progression and protect your smile.
